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Brown Marmorated Stink Bug

Halyomorpha halys Stål. -- Hemiptera: Pentatomidae

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The brown marmorated stinkbug is a highly polyphagous insect that is native to Eastern Asia. The pest status of this insect stems from feeding damage caused on a wide range of vegetable crops, fruit trees, and ornamentals. It is also considered a nuisance pest due to its habit of migrating seasonally into structures where large numbers aggregate to find favorable overwintering sites. Within the last 15 years this stink bug has established and spread throughout the Mid-Atlantic States of the United States and is now found in portions of the West. Although no reports of damage associated with this invasive insect have occurred in California it should be considered a significant risk. This insect was first found in the Western United States and Oregon in 2004. It is now established reportedly in the region surrounding Portland, including a portion of Southern Washington. This insect has been trapped in California, in Solano County in 2005 and many times since then in parts of Southern California.

The insect is native to Eastern Asia, including China, Japan, and Taiwan. The first documentation of this species in the United States was in Pennsylvania in 2001, although it was already present in 1996. Since then it has spread throughout Pennsylvania and is now believed to be established in at least 15 states.

There are usually two generations per year. Adults lay a cluster of small eggs on the underside of leaves. As with other stink bugs, after hatching juveniles pass through five nymphal instars, which show a progressive darkening from yellow-red to brown and eventually black coloration. Adult brown marmorated stink bugs resemble native stinkbug species, 15mm long. It has a wide host range of about 59 plant species, including vegetable crops, fruit trees, and ornamental plant species. Important crop plants at risk in California are tomato, pepper, grapevines, apple, pear, and citrus. As with other stinkbugs, both nymphs and adults use piercing-sucking mouthparts to feed on leaf and fruit tissue. This feeding, that involves the injection of digestive enzymes, produces damage to both plants and their fruit.

The stinkbug is also a nuisance pest when it overwinters in buildings. Adults abandon orchards in autumn. They usually move into nearby buildings for shelter. Although stink bugs are not a direct threat to humans, they may release an odor, giving them their name "stinkbug". Containment involves chemical control of agricultural crops and preventative measures to block entry into buildings during winter.

REFERENCES: FURTHER RELATED REFERENCES

Abram, P. K.; J. Doyon, J. Brodeur, T. D. Gariépy & G. Boivin. 2014. Susceptibility of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) eggs to different life stages of three generalist predators. The Canadian Entomologist. Cambridge University Press. 147 (2): 222–226

Charles, J. G.; G. A. Avila, Kim A. Hoelmer, Sophie Hunt, Gee Robin Gardner, Frances MacDonald & Vicky Davis. 2019. Experimental assessment of the biosafety of Trissolcus japonicus in New Zealand, prior to the anticipated arrival of the invasive pest Halyomorpha halys. BioControl. 64 (4): 367–379

Grosso-Silva, J. M.; H. Gaspar, S. Castro, J. Loureiro, F. Amorim & T. van der Heyden. 2020. Confirmation of the presence of Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855) Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in mainland Portugal. Arquivos Entomolóxicos Galegos. 22: 373–376.

Hu, Chao-Chien & Yi-Synn Shen. 2017. Irritant contact keratitis caused by the bodily fluids of a brown marmorated stink bug. Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology. 7 (4): 221–223.

Inkley, Douglas B. 2012. Characteristics of Home Invasion by the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Journal of Entomological Science. 47 (2): 125–130.

McPherson, J. E., & R. M. McPherson. 2000. Stink Bugs of Economic Importance in America North of Mexico. Boca Raton, Florida 253 pp.

Milnes, Joshua M.; Nik G. Wiman, Elijah J. Talamas, Jay F. Brunner, Kim A. Hoelmer, Matthew L. Buffingtonew & Elizabeth H. Beers. 2016. Discovery of an Exotic Egg Parasitoid of the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) in the Pacific Northwest. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 118 (3): 466–470.

Musolin, Dmitry L.; Aleksandra Konjević, Natalia N. Karpun, Vilena Ye Protsenko, Lesik Ya & Aida Kh. Saulich. 2017. Invasive brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in Russia, Abkhazia, and Serbia: history of invasion, range expansion, early stages of establishment, and first records of damage to local crops. Arthropod-Plant Interactions. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 12 (4): 517–529.

Polajnar, Jernej; et al. 2016. Vibrational communication of the brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys). Physiological Entomology. 41 (3): 249–259.

Ralf Heckmann. 2012. Erster Nachweis von Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) für Deutschland.

Heteropteron 36: 17–18.

Rice, Kevin B.; Chris J. Bergh, Erik J. Bergmann, Dave J. Biddinger, et al. 2014. Biology, ecology, and management of brown marmorated stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Journal of Integrated Pest Management. 5 (3): A1–A13.

Stahl, Judith; Francesco Tortorici, Marianna Pontini, Marie-Claude Bon, Kim Hoelmer, Cristina Marazzi, Luciana Tavella & Tim Haye. 2018. First discovery of adventive populations of Trissolcus japonicus in Europe. Journal of Pest Science. 92 (2): 371–379.

Talamas, Elijah J.; Megan V. Herlihy, Christine Dieckhoff, Kim A. Hoelmer, Matthew Buffington, Marie-Claude Bon & Donald C. Weber. 2015. Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae) emerges in North America. Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 43: 119–128.

Talamas, Elijah; Matthew Buffington & Kim Hoelmer. 2013. New synonymy of Trissolcus halyomorphae Yang. Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 33: 113–117.

Wolfgang Rabitsch & Georg J. Friebe. 2015. From the west and from the east? First records of Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in Vorarlberg and Vienna, Austria. Beiträge zur Entomofaunistik. 16: 115–139.

FURTHER RELATED REFERENCES:

Chiappini, E., S. V. Triapitzin & A. Donev. 1996. Key to the Holarctic species of Anagrus Haliday (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) with a review of the Nearctic and Palaearctic (other than European) species and descriptions of new taxa. Journal of Natural History 30: 551-595.

Triapitzin, S. V. 1995a. The identities of Anagrus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) egg parasitoid of the grape and blackberry leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in California. Pan-Pacific Entomol. 71 (4): 250-251.

Triapitzin, S. V. 1995b. A review of the Australian species of Anagrus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Russian Entomological Journal 4 (1-4): 105-108.

Triapitzin, S. V. 1997. The genus Anagrus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in America south of the United States: a review. Ceiba (Zamorano, Honduras) 38 (1): 1-12.

Triapitzin, S. V. 1998. Anagrus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) egg parasitoids of Erythroneura spp. and other leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in North American vineyards and orchards: a taxonomic review. Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 124 (2): 77-112.

Triapitzin, S. V., R. F. Mizell, J. L. Bossart & C. E. Carlton. 1998. Egg parasitoids of Homalodisca coagulata (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Florida Entomologist 81(2): 241-243.

Triapitzin, S. V. & D. Strong. 1995. A new Anagrus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), an egg parasitoid of Prokelisia spp. (Homoptera: Delphacidae). Pan-Pacific Entomol. 71(4): 199-203.

Walker, G. P., N. Zareh, I. M. Bayoun & S. V. Triapitzin. 1997. Introduction of western Asian egg parasitoids into California for biological control of beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 73 (4): 236-242.